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Contraceptives General Issues. |
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Estrogen-gestagens associations for oral administration, with anovulatory action. The different preparations differ with respect the estrogen dosage and the type of the progestagen used. |
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Uses: Prevention of pregnancy. Normalization of certain cases of menstrual disorders.
Pregnancy: Cat. X: contraindicated.
Breastfeeding: Contraindicated, they reduce mother milk production and quality.
Warnings: Same precautions as for constituent drugs. Pregnancy should be ruled out if menses fail to occur. |
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Adverse reactions: The same as those seen with estrogens and progestagens. As several indirect effects are dose-dependent, you should choose the preparation with the smallest possible dose. Intermenstrual hemorrhage. Gastrointestinal intolerance. Breast tension. Weight gain. Libido impairment. Depression. Liquid retention. Oedema. Venous stasis and thrombosis. |
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Contraindications: |
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Absolute: Thromboembolic events or arterial thromboembolic history (especially myocardial infarction and stroke). Thromboembolic events or venous thromboembolic history (phlebitis, pulmonary embolism) with or without triggering factors.
Cardiovascular conditions: hypertension, coronary artery disease, valve disease, thrombogenic arrhythmias. Eye disorders of vacular origin. Diabetes complicated with small or large vessel disease. Malignant tumors of breast or uterus. Severe or recent liver disease. Pituitary tumors. Genital bleeding of unknown etiology. Connectivitis. Porphyria. Ritonavir (See interactions). |
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Relative: Smoking.
Metabolic disease: uncomplicated diabetes; hyperlipidemia (increased serum triglycerides, increased serum cholesterol). Obesity. Otosclerosis. Benign breast tumors and uterine dystrophies (hyperplasia, fibroma). Galactorrhea and increased serum prolactin. Renal failure. Recurring cholestasis or recidivant genital itching following pregnancy. Enzime inducers. Pregnancy and breastfeeding. |
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Interactions: Their action is reduced by ampicillin, rifampin, di-phenyl-hidantoin, carbamazepine and barbiturates. They in turn reduce the effect of clofibrate and oral anticoagulants and enhance that of tricyclic antidepressants and steroids. |
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Dosage: |
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Refer to each compound individually. |
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